Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was born in 1906 in New York City and died January 1, 1992, in Arlington, Virginia. In 1930 Hopper received her master’s degree in mathematics from Yale. In 1931 she began teaching mathematics at Vassar while pursuing her doctorate at Yale under computer pioneer Howard Engstrom. In 1934 she completed her Ph.D. in mathematics and mathematical physics from Yale. During a one-year sabbatical from Vassar, Hopper studied with the famous mathematician Richard Courant at New York University. Hopper was involved in the creation of UNIVAC, the first all-electronic digital computer. She invented the first computer compiler, a program that translates written instructions into codes that computers read directly. Grace Hopper wrote the first computer manual, A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (1946)
